Basically the working waveform of the modified sine wave power inverter circuit presented here has been carved by positioning many discrete square waves in succession. This structure replicates almost an actual sine wave and provides an efficiency that may probably exceed 90%.

Introduction

Every electronic enthusiast will know how difficult it is to design an efficient sine wave inverter circuit. A sine wave being an exponentially varying waveform is difficult to optimize. Also, unless a PWM technique is employed, the transistors may dissipate too much of power in the form of heat, wasting precious battery power. A modified sine wave inverter is relatively easier to design and the cost involved in building one is also much cheaper.

The present circuit design incorporates a modified version that’s quite unique in its concept and may be understood even by an electronic novice. The idea has been exclusively designed by me, but has not been practically tested. Although it looks impeccable, I would definitely like to hear if anybody feels the design may not be practically successful.

Before going through the circuit details, it would be important to asses a typical modified sine wave structure derived from multiple square waves.

Modifying Sine Wave Using Discrete Square Waves

Referring to the figure alongside (click to enlarge) we can see an interesting design of a single modified sine wave cycle made by chopping a few square waves. Here, each positive and negative half cycle contain 3 discrete individual narrow square waves, each block is separated by a notch, the center two “pillars” are identical but are twice in magnitude than the extreme ones.

The average value of this special arrangement of discrete square waves effectively imitates a sinusoidal wave. This configuration is as good as a pure sine AC waveform and thus will be suitable to operate almost all appliances safely (my assumption).

In fact the present design is much more efficient than the usual circuits shown on many websites. From this circuit it’s possible to get an efficiency of almost 90%, because here the output devices are either turned fully ON or fully off.

Let’s assess how the circuit actually functions.

Parts List

You will require the following parts for building this modified sine wave inverter:

R1, R2, R3 = 10K, 1/4 Watt, CFR 5% (Approximate Value),

R4-----R7 = 1K, 1Watt,

D1----D4 = 1N4148,

D5----D16 = 1N4007,

D17, D18 = 1N5408,

T1, T3, T5, T7 = TIP122,

T2, T4, T6, T8 = BDY29,

IC1, 2 = 4017,

General Purpose Board, Heatsink, Connecting Wires etc.

Transformer = As per requirement, (Please modify the base resistors accordingly).

Battery = As per the transformer used.

Circuit Description

To create the particular waveform explained in the previous page for this modified sine wave power inverter, first of all obviously we need a square wave generator.

Primarily, we need to break each square wave into pieces so that they are equally spaced with notches and also to make them grow in size gradually from start to the center and reduce as it ends.

Ideally we may think of a PWM IC for this, but the condition is also very effectively met using a couple of Johnson decade counters. The circuit may be understood as follows:

We know that the IC 4017 produces a continuously shifting sequential logic high pulse across its 10 outputs in the order: 3-2-4-7-10-5-6-9-11.

Here, two 4017 ICs are cascaded to provide the above sequence in 20 continuous steps. D1---D4 are appropriately configured to make both the ICs conduct in tandem.

If you inspect the outputs of each IC carefully, you will find that a few of the alternate pin-out sequences are cleverly skipped, while the remaining are joined together through diodes.

The diode junction goes to the base of the power transistors. These transistors respond and conduct exactly according to the switched pin-out sequences and remain shut-off intermediately due to the skipped pin-outs, producing pulses exactly as shown in the diagram.

The above DC pulses are forced through the windings of the transformer where it is stepped up to the required primary voltage level.

The frequency of the AC will particularly depend on the input clock pulses applied to the ICs.

Since the outputs shift in response to every rising edge of the input clock, one complete sequence from the start of IC1 (pin #2) to the end of the IC2 (pin #9) constitutes a single AC pulse. However, since one complete sequence should happen 50 times (for 50Hz) per second, implies that the input clock should have a frequency of 50 × 20 = 1000 Hz or 1 KHz or 1.2 KHz to get 60 Hz (for 120 volt Outputs).

The circuit incorporates a simple oscillator circuit using IC 4049, however other standard oscillator configurations may also be tried. For example a simple oscillator circuit using IC 4060 as discussed HERE may be employed for driving the above circuit.

Practical Conclusions

One avid reader Ali Rexhepi did some very interesting practical investigations with my circuit of this modified sine wave power inverter. The following pictures and data reveal the rigorous effort and analysis done by him to improve the results.

http://www.brighthub.com

Iran Engineering Reference Encyclopedia
www.smsm.ir

نوع مطلب : مهندسی برق - مخابرات
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